Summary

Gini index of income inequality, US states

Gini index by state · all 52 states · hover or tap a state for every figure on this page

StatesNew York

Summary

Darker amber is a higher Gini index, meaning household income is more unequal. Puerto Rico is listed in the ranking and table but is not on this map.

A typical published area has a Gini index of 0.4665, the midpoint of the 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico on the 2023 ACS five-year estimates. Puerto Rico is the most unequal at 0.5460. Among the 50 states, New York leads at 0.5152, just ahead of the District of Columbia at 0.5144. Utah has the lowest Gini at 0.4277. The index runs from 0, where every household has the same income, to 1, where one household has all of it. These are household-income Gini indexes for each area, not a national figure and not an average of people.

0.4665typical published areathe midpoint of 52 areas, not a US Gini

0.5460Puerto Ricohighest Gini the Census published

0.5152New Yorkhighest of the 50 states

0.4277Utahlowest Gini, the most equal published area

3areas at or above 0.50Puerto Rico, New York and District of Columbia

Figure 1

Gini index of income inequality, all published states

Gini index · all 52 · ranked high to low

Summary

Every area the Census published in this table: 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, 52 in all. Puerto Rico leads at 0.5460, then New York at 0.5152 and the District of Columbia at 0.5144. Utah is the lowest at 0.4277. The middle published area sits at 0.4665. 3 areas reach a Gini of 0.50 or higher. The ranking is each area's own household-income Gini index on the 2023 ACS five-year estimates, not a national figure.

Figure 2

Highest quintile income share, all published states

Highest quintile share · all 52 · ranked high to low

Summary

Share of aggregate household income going to the highest fifth of households, every published area, 52 of 52. Puerto Rico leads at 57.0 percent, then New York at 54.4 percent and the District of Columbia at 53.8 percent. Utah is lowest at 47.1 percent. The middle published area sits at 50.2 percent. These are Census-published shares from table B19082, not a ratio built from other income tables.

Figure 3

Gini index against highest quintile share

Highest quintile share against gini index · one point per row, 52 of 52 plotted

Summary

Each point is one area with both figures published, 52 of 52. The Gini index and the highest-quintile income share move together: the correlation coefficient is 0.99, so the top-fifth share accounts for about 99 per cent of the variation in Gini. Areas at or above 0.50 on the Gini (Puerto Rico, New York and District of Columbia) also sit at the top of the income-share ranking. Utah pairs the lowest Gini with a 47.1 percent top-fifth share. These are two ACS inequality measures, not a homemade ratio.

Table 1

All states

52 rows · 6 columns · sorted by gini index, high to low

Summary

Gini index of income inequality, the highest quintile's share of aggregate household income, the top 5 percent share and the lowest quintile share for every state, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico on the 2023 ACS five-year estimates. Sort any column or use the filter box to jump to a state by name. A state Gini cannot be averaged into a United States figure.

All states
	?	?	?	?	?
Puerto Rico	0.5460	0.0035	57.0%	27.1%	1.7%
New York	0.5152	0.0015	54.4%	25.7%	2.4%
District of Columbia	0.5144	0.0051	53.8%	23.8%	2.0%
Connecticut	0.4984	0.0025	53.0%	25.0%	2.8%
Louisiana	0.4944	0.0028	52.1%	23.0%	2.7%
California	0.4887	0.0009	52.1%	23.4%	2.9%
Massachusetts	0.4877	0.0019	51.6%	22.8%	2.7%
Florida	0.4849	0.0014	52.1%	24.5%	3.2%
Mississippi	0.4840	0.0033	51.3%	22.5%	2.9%
Arkansas	0.4807	0.0039	51.4%	23.4%	3.2%
Illinois	0.4802	0.0013	51.2%	23.1%	3.0%
New Jersey	0.4800	0.0017	51.2%	22.6%	3.0%
Alabama	0.4783	0.0023	50.9%	22.3%	3.0%
Georgia	0.4779	0.0020	51.1%	22.8%	3.1%
Kentucky	0.4776	0.0026	50.9%	22.9%	3.0%
New Mexico	0.4774	0.0034	50.7%	21.8%	2.9%
South Carolina	0.4773	0.0033	51.1%	23.1%	3.1%
Texas	0.4765	0.0014	51.1%	22.8%	3.2%
North Carolina	0.4760	0.0017	51.1%	22.9%	3.2%
Tennessee	0.4755	0.0025	51.0%	23.3%	3.2%
Pennsylvania	0.4737	0.0015	50.8%	22.6%	3.2%
Virginia	0.4716	0.0016	50.6%	21.8%	3.2%
West Virginia	0.4697	0.0038	50.1%	21.6%	3.1%
Oklahoma	0.4675	0.0026	50.2%	22.3%	3.3%
Ohio	0.4674	0.0016	50.2%	22.2%	3.3%
Nevada	0.4669	0.0037	50.2%	22.9%	3.3%
Washington	0.4660	0.0016	50.3%	22.2%	3.3%
Missouri	0.4652	0.0020	50.1%	22.4%	3.4%
Michigan	0.4639	0.0015	49.9%	21.8%	3.3%
Montana	0.4634	0.0050	50.1%	22.7%	3.6%
Arizona	0.4624	0.0023	49.9%	22.2%	3.4%
Oregon	0.4621	0.0027	49.8%	21.7%	3.3%
Rhode Island	0.4607	0.0052	49.1%	21.2%	3.0%
Colorado	0.4576	0.0022	49.4%	21.7%	3.5%
Maine	0.4567	0.0036	49.2%	21.7%	3.5%
Maryland	0.4560	0.0016	48.9%	20.7%	3.2%
Nebraska	0.4556	0.0040	49.3%	22.3%	3.6%
Kansas	0.4555	0.0033	49.3%	21.8%	3.6%
North Dakota	0.4551	0.0060	49.0%	21.8%	3.5%
Vermont	0.4522	0.0053	48.8%	21.0%	3.5%
Indiana	0.4520	0.0018	48.9%	21.4%	3.6%
Minnesota	0.4500	0.0018	48.8%	21.5%	3.6%
Delaware	0.4495	0.0057	48.6%	21.2%	3.6%
Hawaii	0.4495	0.0044	48.4%	20.5%	3.3%
Wyoming	0.4483	0.0089	48.3%	21.4%	3.6%
South Dakota	0.4470	0.0051	48.6%	21.8%	3.8%
Iowa	0.4447	0.0027	48.3%	21.2%	3.8%
Idaho	0.4442	0.0043	48.7%	21.9%	4.0%
Wisconsin	0.4434	0.0026	48.2%	21.1%	3.8%
New Hampshire	0.4414	0.0037	47.9%	20.4%	3.7%
Alaska	0.4333	0.0054	47.1%	19.4%	3.7%
Utah	0.4277	0.0028	47.1%	20.6%	4.2%

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Figure 1

Gini index of income inequality, US states

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Figure 2

Gini index of income inequality, all published states

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Figure 3

Highest quintile income share, all published states

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Figure 4

Gini index against highest quintile share

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Table 1

All states

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About this data

The ACS Gini index of income inequality is a Census-published measure for household income. An index of 0 means every household has the same income. An index of 1 means one household has all of it. Higher values are more unequal.
A state Gini is that area's own household-income distribution. These 52 figures cannot be averaged to produce a national Gini, and the midpoint of the published areas is not a United States figure.
The Census published 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. None of the Gini indexes or income shares were suppressed, and none of the margins of error were the ACS controlled-estimate sentinel.
Highest quintile share is the percentage of aggregate household income going to the top fifth of households (table B19082). Top 5 percent is a subset of that group. Lowest quintile share is the bottom fifth. Those are published ACS shares, not a homemade inequality ratio.
Alaska and Hawaii appear in the ranking and table. On the map they are drawn as insets. Puerto Rico is in the ranking and table but is not on the state map.

In short

Gini index of income inequality, US states

Gini index of income inequality, all published states

Highest quintile income share, all published states

Gini index against highest quintile share

All states

About this data